In the second part of this verse Allah Ta'alah has said: "وَاللّٰهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ اَثِيۡمٍ" (And Allah does not like any sinful disbeliever). Here it has been indicated that those who refuse to accept Riba as Hara'am have fallen into kufr (disbelief); and those who do accept that it is Hara'am, and yet get involved in it, are sinners, transgressors or fasiq. This needs to be understood in a bit of detail.
It is only Allah Ta'alah who knows who is a true Momin (believer), a Munafiq (a duplicitous person who claims to be a Muslim but doesn't truly believe) or a Kafir (non-believer), as Iman resides inside a person's heart and no human being can know what is inside another human being's heart or mind. However, according to the rules of the Shariah a person becomes a Kafir only if he openly refuses to accept a clear injunction or rule of the Shariah clearly described in the Quran by Allah Ta'alah or laid out by the Holy Prophet ﷺ, and either denies that it is a sin at all, or insists that it is the right thing to do.
If a person comes to realise that he had been involved in sinful behaviours, and he intends to give up those sins but because of his circumstances cannot give up all of them immediately, what he or she should do is to start accepting that what he is doing is a sin, and start praying to Allay Ta'alah that "O' Allah! I am involved in these sins. At this time I am unable to stop committing all of them immediately. Please help me to stop committing these sins." (Ameen). Doing this is not beyond the capacity of any human being at any time. What we must refrain from is denying that these sins are sins, or insisting that they are the right thing to do, because then, as comes elsewhere, Allah Ta'alah then sometimes puts a stamp on a person's heart and he loses the capacity to differentiate right from wrong.
These days some Muslims sometimes say that interest-based economy has become so ubiquitous that we cannot live without it, so Ulema (religious scholars) should declare interest Halal. What they fail to appreciate is that Riba has not been declared Hara'am by Ulema, it has been declared Hara'am by Allah Ta'alah, and not just once but in multiple verses of the Quran. How can any Moulvi, Aalim or Mufti who has read the Quran declare it Halal?
Adapted from Ma'ariful Quran, by Mufti Muhammad Shafi Rehmatullah Elaih
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