لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أُحۡصِرُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ ضَرۡبً۬ا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَحۡسَبُهُمُ ٱلۡجَاهِلُ أَغۡنِيَآءَ مِنَ ٱلتَّعَفُّفِ تَعۡرِفُهُم بِسِيمَـٰهُمۡ لَا يَسۡـَٔلُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ إِلۡحَافً۬اۗ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٍ۬ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ۔
"(Let your charities be) for the needy who are confined in the way of Allah, unable to move about in the land. An ignorant person takes them to be rich on account of their abstinence. You know them by their appearance. They do not beg people importunately. And whatever good you spend, Allah is All-Aware of it."
It is has been reported from Hazrat Ibn Abbas Razi Allah Anhu that this verse has been revealed about the people of Suffah. These were those Holy Companions (Sahabah) who had dedicated their lives to learning about Deen (religion). They had stationed themselves at a place near Masjid Nabvi, to be close to the Hole Prophet ﷺ. Because they spent all their time learning about Deen they were unable to engage in any employment. But they used to tolerate the consequences of their poverty happily and never asked anyone for financial help. This verse tells us that such people who have devoted themselves to learning about Deen, to the benefit of whole Ummah (Muslim community), and despite facing financial hardships do not express their needs in front of anyone, are more deserving of our Sadaqah. (Aasan Tarjuma Quran, by Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani DB)
In Biyan al-Quran Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi RE has written that this verse means that Sadaqah is the right of those people who have bound themselves in the way of Allah Ta'alah in that they remain busy and preoccupied in the service of Deen (religion), and for that reason can not travel to different places to earn a living.
Adapted from Ma'ariful Quran, by Mufti Muhammad Shafi RE
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