Similarly, the deeds that a person carries out mentally are also of two kinds. The first is voluntary, for instance, the belief in kufr (disbelief) and shirk (believing that someone shares Allah's existence or powers), which one has chosen to believe with one's free will and choice, or believing oneself to be mightier and loftier than all other human beings (Takabbur, arrogance) which one believes as a result of conscious and wilful self-pride, or vowing to drink alcohol. The second kind of these mental deeds are involuntary, for example, entry of some bad thoughts or impulses into a person's mind without their volition or intention. Just like the physical deeds, a person is only accountable for, and will be punished or rewarded for, those mental deeds that a person carries out voluntarily and intentionally, and not for thoughts and impulses that come involuntarily.
This explanation given by the Holy Quran itself put the noble Companions' hearts and minds at ease that they won't have to account for involuntary thoughts and impulses passing through their minds. The Holy Quran has clarified this further in the next sentence "لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتۡ وَعَلَيۡهَا مَا اكۡتَسَبَتۡ" meaning "that the man is rewarded for what he elects to do and is punished for what he elects to do."
From Ma'ariful Quran, by Mufti Muhammad Shafi Rehmatullah Elaih
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